أسس إعادة توزيع الدخل القومي في دول العالم الثالث أنموذج العدالة بين العمل ورأس المال في سورية خلال الفترة 1970 - 2020

Abstract

Abstract

The issue of distributing national income in the Syrian economy is gaining an increasing attention. A distribution that grants a large share of income to small group of influential, powerful and capitalists at the expense of the vast majority of low-income workers, who own nothing but their labor power reflects a large extent of injustice and maldistribution of income among different classes of Syrian society, and largely linked to inequality.

This study showed that the share of labor did not exceed 33% on average of the Syrian gross national income during the last two decades, while exceeded 50% in most world countries. This decline can be attributed to several reasons, the most important of which are the bias of the returns of the production process towards capital, the abundance of unskilled labor, the dominance of informal sector, and the decline in real wages and economic growth rates in particular. In addition to that, the crises that extended for nearly a decade and a half, and its consequences were reflected in all aspects of Syrian life politically, socially and economically. This problem becomes worst by the ineffectiveness of govemment policies aimed to redistribute the national income, which ultimately led to an increasing concentration of income

and wealth in the hands of the few.

To determine the extent of maldistribution, the research presented an approach to measuring the severity of disparity and inequality in the Syrian economy, using the most popular, important and reliable measures of inequality: the Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient, the Kuznets ratio and coefficient, as a first step towards finding appropriate solutions that would correct the existing imbalance in the current distribution and achieve greater justice among the various segments and classes of Syrian society.

The study revealed that Lorenz curve clearly deviated from the line of perfect equality, and the average Gini index reached 55% approximately, and the average Kuznets coefficient reached about 21. All of these results confirm the fact of the high degree of inequality and the low share of labor in the national income in the Syrian economy.