تفعيل القرار الإداري في ضوء الإدارة الذاتية لمدارس التعليم الأساسي والثانوي في ريف دمشق

Abstract

The summery of study in English Measure of the executive decision in light of the self management of schools primary and secondary education in Damascus countryside The process of decision-making and practice is a process of importance and influence on many people and departments, and can reach the impact of a generation, and the management, which depends on the essence of decision-making basis in the success and failure of the educational institution. Successful management is able to take advantage of all available resources material or human to reach the results with minimal losses, and work to involve all concerned in the educational institution in decision-making as the decision-making process is the heart of the administrative process and the essence of which achieve the management of the Foundation's objectives, Successful Management Keeping pace with the developments in administrative thought, there was a need to change the management method and the shift from centralization in education to decentralization in education and the emergence of so-called self-management of schools. School self-administration has promised access to modern approaches to the development of school administration. The school has been set up to become self-sufficient and professional to take responsibility and accountability by involving all staff, students, parents and community-based organizations in decision-making and giving greater freedom to all beneficiaries and those involved in the educational process in making Decisions in school, which contributed to improving the educational process, developing the confidence of the workers in their importance, improving the quality of the decision and spreading confidence in the abilities and competencies of teachers and school staff. Sen helps implement decisions easily and efficiently, enabling parents, students and community members to participate in school management to achieve the desired objectives of the learning process. Therefore, the school administration is a means by which decision makers implement reforms that ensure the development of the school's performance, especially in the process of teaching and teaching through the participation of interested and concerned in the decision-making processes. As they are able to determine the school conditions, and needs and the best means to achieve this is through the application of self-management of schools where the school is able to self-assessment, and build plans for development in the light of national standards of education and educational policies. The problem of the study stems from the development of the school administration, which led to the complexity of the role of the headmaster and made it difficult to manage the school by one man, and imposed on managers to cooperate with their subordinates and involve them in decision-making, and this is reflected in the application of self-management of schools. Most studies and conferences of education reform have demonstrated the importance of activating decentralization in education and applying self-management of schools that are based on participatory management and decision-making. In a survey conducted by the researcher for a group of elementary and secondary education schools in Al-Nabek city, there were trends towards self-management of schools. However, the existing legislation and authorities remain insufficient, which leaves the director with limited influence in achieving the direction of self-management of schools. The problem of the study is determined by the following question: How can the administrative decision be implemented in light of the self-management of primary and secondary schools? The importance of the study stems from the fact that it dealt with an important issue of management, which gained the attention of those involved in the educational administration, namely, self-management and its role in activating the administrative decision, and the contemporary administrative thought emphasizes the need to work on developing the administration. Adapted to the surrounding climate according to available data and available resources. The Syrian Arab Republic is embarking on serious reforms in the education process. It has facilitated the functions of the administration in planning, supervising, organizing, coordinating, making, and making decisions and performing those functions quickly, dynamically and accurately and allowing greater degrees of self-management of schools. In this study, the study revealed scientific facts that can contribute effectively to raising the efficiency of school administration. The results of this study also help educational officials in the Ministry of Education to apply self-management in schools in order to make the right decision. The study aims to the quality of the executive decision making in light of the personal executive in base and secondary schools in the country side of Damascus. And the study aims particularly to Clarifying the concept, steps and methods of administrative decision making. And identify the most important factors affecting the process of administrative decision-making. And to clarify the concept of self-management of schools (procedures applied - characteristics - advantages and disadvantages). And identify the most important problems and obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement it. And determining the degree of activation of the administrative decision in light of the self-management of the principals of primary and secondary education schools, in addition to identifying the differences in the responses of the sample members of the principals of primary and secondary schools in the Nabek and Yabrud area in relation to their opinion in activating the administrative decision in the light of self-management of schools according to the variables (Educational area, gender, academic qualification, years of experience, type of educational stage). But about the studying theories they come as the following: 1- There is no statistically significant relationship between the variable of the administrative decision and the variable of self-management among the managers of the study sample. 2 - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample of the study on the identification of the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self - management according to the variable area of education (Yabrud, Nabek). 3 - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample of the study sample on the resolution of the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self - management according to the gender variable (male, female). 4- There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample of the study sample on the resolution of the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management according to the variable of the academic qualification (Institute of preparing teachers, university leave, diploma or postgraduate studies). 5 - There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample of the research sample on the resolution of the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self - management according to the variable years of the last (from one to five years, from five to ten years, more than ten years). 6- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample of the study sample on the resolution of the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management according to the variable stage of education (secondary, basic). 7 - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not implemented according to the variable area of education (Yabrud, Nabek). 8 - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not implementation according to the gender variable (male, female). 9 - There are no significant differences between the average scores of the sample to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not implemented according to the variable of scientific qualification (Institute of preparing teachers, university leave, diploma or graduate studies). 10- There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample respondents to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement it according to the variable of the last years (less than five years, five years to ten years, more than ten years). 11. There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample respondents to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement it according to the variable stage of education (secondary, basic). The original community for study consisted of 137 principals and directors (79 directors and 58 principals). According to the statistics of the Directorate of Education in the countryside of Damascus and the educational complex in the Nabek area and the educational complex in Yabroud for the academic year (2016-2017), where there are (80) primary education schools and (57) secondary education schools. The total original sample was taken as sample for the study (after dispensing with the survey sample of 20 managers and managers) due to the small size of the sample. The sample included (117) managers and managers, and thus the select rate reached (85%) from the original community, The researcher also interviewed a number of the principal sample managers (60) managers and managers to identify the most important obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and non-implementation. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, research tools were designed in the form of personal interviews with some principals of primary and secondary schools to ask them about the most important obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement them. These obstacles were formulated within a questionnaire containing nine obstacles, The administrative decision in the light of the self-management of schools of basic and secondary education in the countryside of Damascus, where the questionnaire consisted of two axes: the first axis is the axis of administrative decision-making, which aims to study the reality of administrative decision-making in primary and secondary education schools in the T Nabek and Yabroud, and the second axis is the focus of self-management, which aimed to find out the reality of self-management in primary schools and secondary education in the regions of Nabek and Yabrood. The number of items (38) items distributed on the axis of administrative decision, which included (21) item, and the axis of self-management, which included (17) items. The method used requires the nature of the study to rely on descriptive analytical methodology in order to achieve its objectives. It is the most appropriate curriculum for the objectives of the study and the nature of its variables. The analytical descriptive approach is to describe the phenomenon studied, obtain data and collect information about the administrative decision and its definitions and elements. And how to make and make decisions, and self-management of schools, and why the descriptive approach is appropriate to the nature of the study because it analyzes and scientific interpretation of the phenomenon of the phenomenon of the study, and try to interpret quantitatively by collecting data and information on the Circumflex or phenomenon, as it tries to compare and interpret and evaluate an effort to reach meaningful generalizations than the stock of knowledge on the subject the study changes represented in four changes which are the gender, the scientific qualification, the experience years ,the sort of scholastic stag. And the study led to several results, which are: 1-In terms of administrative decision making, the most administrative decisions were made by managers of the study sample, which obtained a high degree of activation, which is the "compatibility of decision with previous decisions" with an average of (4.40), while the lowest decisions were " And the beginning to create new ideas "with an average of (1,15), and the axis of the administrative decision as a whole on the average arithmetic (3.11), which means he got a degree of activation medium. 2. In terms of the self-management axis, the most self-managing characteristics of the managers of the sample of the study, which received a high degree of activation is "I see poor cooperation between the director and the teachers" with an average of (3,41), while the lowest self-management characteristics, The need to allocate incentives for excellence in administrative and educational work "with an average of (1,91). The self-management axis as a whole obtained a mathematical average of (3.91) with a high activation rate. 3 - The interview showed that the most obstacles facing the administration and preventing the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement it were "not to allocate incentives for excellence in administrative and educational work", followed by "lack of boldness, innovation and initiative to create new ideas contribute to the making of educational decisions appropriate," followed by " The weak authority of the school principal to perform his duties to the fullest due to current circumstances, "and" weak community participation in activating the director's decisions ", and finally" lack of time to implement decisions. " The degree of obstacles to the overall resolution was "high". 4 - There is a relationship of significant statistical significance between the adoption of administrative decision and self-management among managers of the research sample. 5- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample of the study sample on the resolution of the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management according to the variable of the educational area (Yabrud, Nabek). 6 - There are no differences between the average scores of the members of the research sample in the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management depending on the gender variable (male, female) 7 - There are differences between the average scores of the members of the research sample in the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management according to the variable of the academic qualification (Institute of preparing teachers, university, diploma or postgraduate) for the benefit of the university class. 8 - There are differences between the average scores of the members of the research sample in the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management according to the variable years of experience (from one to five years, from 5 years to 10, more than 10 years) for the benefit of the category (more than 10 years). 9 - There are differences between the average scores of the members of the research sample in the activation of the administrative decision in the light of self-management according to the variable stage of education (secondary, primary) for the category (secondary). 10- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement it according to the variable of the educational area (Yabrud, Nabek). 11. There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample respondents on the identification of the obstacles facing the administration and preventing the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not implementing it according to the gender variable (males, females). 12. There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members on identifying the obstacles facing the administration and preventing the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not implementing it according to the variable of the academic qualification (institute of preparation of teachers, university leave, diploma or postgraduate studies) University, diploma or graduate studies). 13- There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members on the identification of obstacles facing the administration and preventing the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not implementing it according to the variable of the last years (less than five years, five years to ten years, more than ten years) And for the category (more than 10 years). 14- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the sample respondents to identify the obstacles facing the administration and prevent the formulation of the appropriate administrative decision and not to implement it according to the variable stage of education (secondary, basic).